Treffer: Augmented Cyber-physical Model for Real-time Smart-grid Co-simulation.

Due to crucial importance of the electricity in almost every aspect of our life, power systems and their components continue to receive considerable attention, and important efforts are invested for development or improvement in the direction of smooth transition to full smart grid solutions. Even if operation and control of power system are well-known, new control solutions require careful and detailed investigations due to challenges emerged from high complexity, security or even the current operating conditions in high penetration of renewable energy sources or consummers with significant loads. In this context, the paper introduces a new concept and solution of augmented cyberphysical model to allow testing and simulation of the supervision, monitoring and control solutions in a mixed physical and virtual environment, facilitating complex investigation starting from common process level to complex interdependencies arise from communication infrastructure inherent failures to contingent issues such as software related or security attacks. The concept, architecture and an implementation on a real-time hardware-in-the-loop based platform are revealed and shown as an open and affordable research and development solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]