Result: 高层办公建筑空间效率的设计协同机理与类型研究.

High-rise office buildings play an important role in the intensive utilisation of land resources and the promotion of economic development. However, emerging issues such as the blind pursuit of height, heightened safety hazards, and intensified resource waste are leading to spatial efficiency dilemmas. It is common to observe "scale expansion accompanied by efficiency decline", "increased core burden because of oversized floor plates", and "conflicts between column grid optimisation and flexibility", thus failing to balance scale output, spatial efficiency, and spatial flexibility. Existing studies either focus on single metrics or remain stuck in empirical generalisations, lacking a systematic and quantifiable analytical framework to guide design decisions directly. Hence, using empirical data from the collaboration mechanism of spatial efficiency and design indicators, this study discloses the coupling relationships between scale, efficiency, and flexibility in high-rise office buildings. Moreover, it establishes a typological system and corresponding threshold rules for evaluating the scheme and controlling the design. 　　The study's quantitative measurement system comprises five spatial efficiency indicators: total usable area of the building, ratio of effective area per standard floor, effective area per unit height, core tube service efficiency ratio, and column grid flexibility index. The design indicators are as follows: plate width, depth, and area of the standard floor; depth, width and proportion of the core tube; vertical transportation area proportion; shortest and longest lease spans; and building height. Data were collected from 40 typical high-rise office building samples across five major urban clusters in China. A k-means clustering analysis was then carried out on the spatial efficiency dataset of samples using the Scikit-learn library in Python. Later, a comparative framework of "benchmark model–deviation direction–threshold band" was constructed based on the sample median (Q2) and interquartile range (IQR), which could provide quantitative explanations for differences in efficiency among different groups. 　　Mathematical derivation shows that the triangular relationships among scale (total usable area of the building and effective area per unit height), efficiency (ratio of effective area per standard floor and core tube service efficiency ratio), and flexibility (column grid flexibility index) are a conditional constraint-driven balance rather than a mathematical zero-sum game. A multi-win layout of these objectives can be achieved by adopting the compact core shape, setting shuttle-zoned elevators, and unifying zoning and modular coordination. 　　These four spatial efficiency prototypes were recognised through an unsupervised clustering of the efficiency indicators: Type A (balanced high-efficiency type), Type B (standardised scale-output type), Type C (constrained high-flexibility type), and Type D (large floor plate and high-output type). Type A maintains balance among scale, efficiency, and flexibility, making it an optimal choice for multi-tenant, high-turnover, and owner-held office buildings; type B emphasises standardised large floor plates, achieving a significant advantage in scale output, though core expansion must be controlled; type C is suitable for small sites and dynamic tenant requirements, maintaining high flexibility through a compact core and a regular modular layout, and type D orients to the headquarters of large corporations and locates in areas with high land cost. While it prioritises the maximisation of single-floor scale and intensity, it has a higher core burden and greater structural rigidity. 　　The study proposes a general workflow of 'target locking–index mapping–scheme diagnosis–parameter iteration–drawing finalisation' to transfer the typology results into design practice. This workflow translates the efficiency characteristics of the target type into ranges of "pre-design indicators" that can be directly applied at the design stage. Then, an iterative optimisation was carried out through "single-variable adjustment and triple-objective feedback", avoiding unconscious typological drift during scheme iteration. 　　Finally, the upper limits for core area ratio, vertical transportation area ratio, and standard floor depth, as well as the acceptable range of column grid flexibility, were solidified as control criteria at the technical design and drawing review stages. This created a continuous chain for efficiency control from conceptual design to construction drawings. 　　This study's innovations are threefold: ① A proposed analytical framework of "tri-objective trade-off of conditional constraints", which realises the intrinsic coupling mechanism of spatial efficiency in high-rise office buildings; ② A quantitative measurement system with "five-dimensional efficiency and ten design indicators" plus four types of efficiency prototypes: it can achieve a complete chain from mechanism to typology. ③ A typology-oriented design regression path, further translating the efficiency research into operable, reviewable, and replicable engineering strategies. The research results not only provide a scientific basis for project planning, scheme comparison, product development, and the management of high-rise office building operations, but also important references for improving spatial quality and resource utilisation efficiency in high-density urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

高层建筑在充分集约利用土地和推进经济发展方面发挥着积极作用, 但近年来不乏出现盲目追求高度, 安全隐患凸显, 资源浪费加剧等空 间效率困境。研究聚焦高层办公建筑设计指标与空间效率的协同机理, 搭建 40 座中央核心筒选型的典型样本数据库, 提取以建筑高度为核心的 10 个设计指标与 5 个空间效率指标 (建筑总有效面积、标准层有效面积比、单位高度有效面积、核心筒服务效能比、柱网灵活适配指数) 对高层公 共建筑空间特征进行描述, 以聚类和相关性分析等数理方法挖掘两者的协同机理。总结出效率导向均衡型、标准化规模产出型、小体量高灵活型与 标准层强产出型四个类型画像, 以此为基础在设计线索、规则化落地与决策流程方面给出优化设计策略。研究表明, 高层办公建筑空间效率指标并 不随建筑高度的提升而简单增长, 呈现出非线性的多元特征分布规律, 即存在一种规模 - 效率 - 灵活性之间的条件约束性三角权衡关系, 在数学 上三者并非零和博弈而是存在取舍与兼顾的理论可能。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)