Treffer: Controlling worm propagation in wireless sensor networks: Through fractal-fractional mathematical perspectives.

Title:
Controlling worm propagation in wireless sensor networks: Through fractal-fractional mathematical perspectives.
Authors:
Shah MI; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan., Hassan EI; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Ali A; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan., Muhyi A; Department of Mathematics, Hajjah University, Hajjah, Yemen.; Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Smart Computing, Modern Specialized University, Sana'a, Yemen., Ahmed WE; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Aldwoah K; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Source:
PloS one [PLoS One] 2025 Nov 20; Vol. 20 (11), pp. e0335556. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 20 (Print Publication: 2025).
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
MeSH Terms:
Wireless Technology*/instrumentation , Fractals* , Computer Communication Networks* , Models, Theoretical*, Algorithms ; Computer Security ; Humans
References:
Proc Math Phys Eng Sci. 2020 Feb;476(2234):20190498. (PMID: 32201475)
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2022 Dec;68:1-12. (PMID: 36244878)
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jul 25;23(15):. (PMID: 37571451)
Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 16;14(1):8799. (PMID: 38627447)
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20251120 Date Completed: 20251120 Latest Revision: 20251123
Update Code:
20251123
PubMed Central ID:
PMC12633933
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0335556
PMID:
41264660
Database:
MEDLINE

Weitere Informationen

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are particularly vulnerable to malware attacks due to their limited processing power, memory, and energy, which makes defending against such threats especially challenging. To mitigate these serious security issues caused by malware infection, various preventive measures can be implemented, such as honeypots, robust security protocols, hardware-based protections, regular updates, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems (IDS). Considering these security concerns, we adopt an advanced version of the existing susceptible-infectious-protected-recovered SIPR model that incorporates a fractional-fractal derivative (FFD) defined in the Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo (ABC) sense, which offers a more realistic representation than the classical model. Furthermore, this research work introduced a new isolated nodes compartment [Formula: see text], along with parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], defining the recovery and isolation rates of [Formula: see text], respectively, in the existing SIPR model. Moreover, this study focuses on the existence and uniqueness of solutions, stability analysis, control theory and numerical approximation for the proposed generalized susceptible-infectious isolated-protected-recovered [Formula: see text] model. Additionally, nonlinear and fixed-point theory are used to obtain the results of existence and stability analysis. On the same line, Newton polynomial-based numerical scheme was established for the proposed modified model. The dynamics of desired results are visualized using MATLAB.
(Copyright: © 2025 Imad Shah et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.