Treffer: Efficient subcarrier allocation for smart grid communications in neighborhood area networks.

This paper introduces the Adaptive Hierarchical Multi-Objective Resource Optimizer (AH-MORO), a ground-breaking framework for subcarrier allocation in Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Networks (NANs), addressing critical limitations of existing methods in dynamic, high-density environments. Traditional approaches suffer from static resource allocation, inefficient interference management, and poor scalability, leading to suboptimal throughput, latency, and energy consumption. AH-MORO innovates through three core mechanisms: (1) a hierarchical multi-objective optimization model that dynamically balances throughput maximization, latency minimization, and energy efficiency using adaptive weight parameters (λ₁, λ₂, λ₃), (2) a dual-layered interference mitigation system combining constraint-based subcarrier assignment and adaptive power control to suppress co-channel interference, and (3) a metaheuristic solver (Genetic Algorithm-Deep Reinforcement Learning hybrid) enabling real-time, low-complexity optimization under fluctuating traffic loads. Rigorous simulations demonstrate AH-MORO's superiority over state-of-the-art methods, achieving 37.5% higher throughput, 34.2% lower latency, 24% reduced energy consumption, and 33.3% improved interference reduction in dense urban NANs (1,000 + devices). The framework uniquely guarantees QoS via fairness constraints, ensuring minimum throughput ([Formula: see text]) for all users while adhering to strict latency ([Formula: see text]and energy ([Formula: see text]) bounds. These results validate AH-MORO as the first holistic solution for real-time, energy-efficient, and interference-resilient Smart Grid communications, setting a new benchmark for adaptive resource management in next-generation NANs.
(Copyright: © 2025 Ikram et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.